Paul’s Blog

Or should the question be what is recycled?  I am learning that the answer to this question is a  subject of much controversy as the system in this country is not aligned with the aim to support more sustainable packaging.

Let’s start with what the US Federal Trade Commission considers to be recyclable.  The Green Guides, otherwise known as US Code 16 CFR Part 260, define a recyclable package as one that can be collected, separated or otherwise recovered from the solid waste stream for reuse in the manufacture or assembly of another package or product, through an established recycling program.  The common interpretation is that for a package to be considered recyclable, there must be a recycling system for the package available to a majority of households.

According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, we Americans recover about 46% of the solid waste collected.  Of this, about 70% gets recycled or composted.  A total of 61 million tons was recycled in 2008.  The recycling rate, by product, is shown in the following chart.  The data shows that where there is legislation (batteries, beverage containers, tires) or economic benefit (office papers, steel cans, yard trimmings), recycling is predominant.  While this is not surprising, I am left asking what about all the other packaging that can be recycled?

Consumers understand recycling much more than they understand other terms such as compostable, biodegradable and sustainable.  Over and over again, it has been shown that when consumers are asked which package is more environmentally friendly or sustainable, they pick the package that is made of paper because they know that is recyclable.  While some will argue that paper-based packaging is not ideal for all situations, I can tell you that paper-based packaging is rising to the challenge. 

Consider the case of the pet food bag.  Is it recylable?  The answer really depends upon whom you ask.  Your local recycle coordinator may say yes or no, but is hard pressed to explain the facutal basis for their response.  Ask the local waste reprocessor and they will say yes, we send them off as mixed paper every day.  Your regional recycled paper mill will most likely give you the same yes.  The truth is that in the US, nobody really understands the ability of the waste system to recycle packaging materials.  If it is not corrugated, a #1 or #2 bottle, a can or glass, it is likely to be perceived as not recyclable by experts.  Fortunately, business people are finding ways around the experts to recycle these valuable materials.  The dirty little secret is that our local governments are working against recyling as they try to protect the income that they derive from landfill tipping fees.

So, in order to bring this to a close, here’s my dilemna.  I am bringing to market a new pet food bag that is made entirely of paper.  In other words, there is no film liner.  Put a check mark next to mono-material as that improves its recyclability as paper.  The bag is designed to contain pet food and thus will have traces of oils and product in it when discarded.  Is it recylable?

You can expect that climate change will become a top priority in Washington over the next few years.  Has the packaging industry’s focus on sustainability addressed the real issue?

Consider this chart, published by the EPA in 2008, that shows GHG generation by category.  If you are as surprised as I am, then you’ll agree that the question is appropriate.

Transportation is second, only to electricity generation, in the production of GHGs.  It eclipses all manufacturing activities by several times.  Therefore, to curb climate change, I believe that our focus should shift to all the opportunities to reduce the demand for transportation.

In the packaging industry, much of our sustainability focus has been driven by the Wal-Mart Packaging Scorecard.  Many have rightly concluded that the metrics in this scorecard are heavily weighted towards the total weight of packaging required to deliver a given amount of product.  Reducing the weight of packaging reduces the fuel required to move the product and reduces the GHGs attributed to the transportation of the product.

There is another opportunity lurking out there.  Much of our logistics system in the North America relies on over-the-road trucks.  Estimates are that 30% or more of the trucks on the road are empty.  That means nearly 1 in 3!  Imagine the opportunities that come with better logistics planning.  Congestion will be reduced.  The remaining trucks will be more profitable.  GHG production related to truck transportation will drop dramatically and this reduction will likely be multiplied by fewer vehicles stuck in traffic jams.

As carbon legislation comes forward, remember that you will be held to account for all the carbon associated with your business.  Transportation in and out will be a part.  It is probably the largest, lowest hanging fruit for you to pick.